[1]张正中,谢五喜,刘运飞,等.高氯酸铵降感技术研究进展[J].爆破器材,2023,52(01):1-8,16.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2023.01.001]
　ZHANG Zhengzhong,XIE Wuxi,LIU Yunfei,et al.Research Progress of the Desensitization Technology of Ammonium Perchlorate[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2023,52(01):1-8,16.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2023.01.001]
点击复制

高氯酸铵降感技术研究进展
分享到：

《爆破器材》[ISSN:1001-8352/CN:32-1163/TJ]

卷:
52
期数:
2023年01
页码:
1-8,16
栏目:
基础理论
出版日期:
2023-01-08

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research Progress of the Desensitization Technology of Ammonium Perchlorate
文章编号:
5753
作者:
张正中; 谢五喜; 刘运飞; 刘晓军; 孙兵兵; 申宇鹏; 李雅津
西安近代化学研究所（陕西西安，710065）
Author(s):
ZHANG Zhengzhong;  XIE Wuxi;  LIU Yunfei;  LIU Xiaojun;  SUN Bingbing;  SHEN Yupeng;  LI Yajin
Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute (Shaanxi Xi’an, 710065)
关键词:
AP; 机械感度; 降感; 球形化; 包覆; 推进剂
Keywords:
AP;  mechanical sensitivity;  desensitization;  spherical;  coating;  propellant
分类号:
TQ560.7
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2023.01.001
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
在高燃速推进剂研制过程中，添加超细高氯酸氨(AP)可大幅提高燃速，但也带来机械感度升高的问题。分别从球形化AP及表面改性、包覆AP、AP复合物等几个方面综述了AP降感技术的研究进展。同时，对降感AP在推进剂中的应用情况进行了总结和分析。并指出，未来AP降感的重点研究方向为改善球形化超细AP的表面结构、对超细AP进行混合包覆及探索新型功能材料。以期为高燃速推进剂的安全研制提供参考。
Abstract:
During the development of high burning rate propellants, the burning rate can be greatly increased by adding superfine ammonium perchlorate (AP), but the mechanical sensitivity is also increased. The research progress of AP desensitization technology was reviewed from the aspects of spherical AP, surface modification of AP, coating AP and AP composite. At the same time, the application of desensitized AP in propellant was summarized and analyzed. It was pointed out that the key research directions of AP desensitization in the future are to improve the surface structure of spherical ultrafine AP, to mix and coat ultrafine AP and to explore new functional materials. It is expected to provide a reference for the safe development of high burning rate propellants.

参考文献/References:

［1］MALLICK L, KUMAR S, CHOWDHURY A. Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate—— a TGA-FTIR-MS study: Part I ［J］. Thermochimica Acta, 2015, 610: 57-68.
［2］曾贵玉，郁卫飞，聂福德，等．超细高氯酸铵（AP）微观结构对机械感度的影响［J］. 火工品, 2007(5): 16-19.
ZENG G Y, YU W F, NIE F D, et al. The effect of microstructure of ultrafine ammonium perchlorate (AP) on its mechanical sensitivity ［J］. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2007 (5): 16-19.
［3］万雪杰, 郭效德, 欧阳刚. 应用低温等离子体技术对超细AP粉体表面改性［J］. 含能材料, 2016, 24(1): 79-84.
WAN X J, GUO X D, OUYANG G. Application of low-temperature plasma technique in surface modification of superfine AP powder ［J］. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2016, 24(1): 79-84.
［4］吴飞, 郭效德, 焦宗平, 等. 超细高氯酸铵复合粒子的制备及性能研究［J］. 含能材料, 2016, 24(3): 261-268.
WU F, GUO X D, JIAO Z P, et al. Preparation and properties of ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate composite particles ［J］. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2016, 24(3): 261-268．
［5］STRUNIN V A, SHKADINSKII K G, NIKOLAEVA L I. Effect of the ammonium perchlorate particle size on its burning rate and combustion limit in terms of pressure ［J］. Combustion, Explosion & Shock Waves, 2010, 46 (2): 183-187.
［6］KOHGA M. Burning characteristics of AP/HTPB composite propellants prepared with fine porous or fine hollow ammonium perchlorate ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2006, 31(1): 50-55.
［7］KOHGA M. Burning characteristics and thermochemical behavior of AP/HTPB composite propellant using coarse and fine AP particles ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2011, 36 (1): 57-64.
［8］张正中, 邓重清, 李吉祯, 等. 碳纳米管对AP/CMDB推进剂燃烧性能和力学性能的影响［J］. 含能材料, 2018, 26(9): 744-748.
ZHANG Z Z, DENG C Q, LI J Z, et al. Effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the combustion and mechanical properties of AP/CMDB propellant ［J］. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2018, 26(9): 744-748.
［9］饶谱文, 卫延安, 武洪增, 等． 膨化高氯酸铵的制备及其性能研究［J］． 爆破器材， 2021， 50（1）：10-14．
RAO P W, WEI Y A, WU W Z, et al．Preparation and performance of expanded ammonium perchlorate ［J］. Explosive Materials, 2021, 50(1): 10-14.
［10］李凤生. 特种超细粉体制备技术及应用［M］. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2002: 63-64.
LI F S. Application and manufacture technology of special superfine power ［M］. Beijing: National Defence Industry Press, 2002: 63-64.
［11］王彩玲, 赵省向. 不同粒度AP的机械感度［J］. 火炸药学报, 2006, 29(6): 27-29.
WANG C L, ZHAO S X. Mechanical sensitivity of AP with different particle size ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2006, 29(6): 27-29.
［12］腾学锋，邓重清，胡铨，等．高氯酸铵（AP）基复合改性双基（AP/CMDB）推进剂燃速控制与降感研究［J］．科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(6): 178-182.
TENG X F, DENG C Q, HU Q, et al. Research of burning rate controlling and sensitivity reducing of AP/CMDB propellant ［J］．Science Technology and Engineering, 2017, 17(6): 178-182.
［13］庞爱民, 刘学. 降低丁羟高燃速推进剂机械感度研究［J］. 含能材料, 2019, 27(11): 961-966.
PANG A M, LIU X. Study on decreasing the mechanical sensitivity of HTPB propellant with high burning rate ［J］．Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2019, 27(11): 961-966.
［14］赵雪，芮久后，冯顺山．重结晶法制备球形化RDX［J］．北京理工大学学报, 2011, 31（1）: 5-7．
ZHAO X, RUI J H, FENG S S. Recrystallization method for preparation of spherical RDX ［J］. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2011, 31(1): 5-7.
［15］LIU J, JIANG W, LI F S, et al．Effect of drying conditions on the particle size, dispersion state, and mechanical sensitivities of nano HMX ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2014, 39(1): 30-39.
［16］SHI X F, WANG J Y, LI X D, et al. Preparation and properties of HMX/nitrocellulose nanocomposites ［J］. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2015, 31(2): 757-760.
［17］BAYAT Y, ZEYNALI V. Preparation and characterization of nano-CL-20 explosive ［J］. Journal of Energetic Materials, 2011, 29(4): 281-291.
［18］GUO X D, OUYANG G, LIU J, et al. Massive preparation of reduced-sensitivity nano CL-20 and its characterization ［J］. Journal of Energetic Materials, 2015, 33(1): 24-33.
［19 ］刘清浩, 安文清, 何佳远, 等. 高氯酸铵的球形化结晶工艺和性能表征［J］. 火炸药学报, 2021, 44(2): 139-146.
LIU Q H, AN W Q, HE J Y, et al．Crystallization and characterization of spherical ammonium perchlorate ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2021, 44(2): 139-146.
［20］宋娟, 郭效德, 李凤生. 超细球形高氯酸铵的制备与性能表征［J］. 固体火箭技术, 2014, 37(4): 521-524.
SONG J, GUO X D, LI F S. Preparation and property characterization of superfine spherical ammonium perchlorate ［J］.Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2014, 37(4): 521-524.
［21］王元元, 刘玉存, 王建华, 等. 重结晶制备降感HMX技术研究［J］. 火工品, 2009(1): 16-18.
WANG Y Y, LIU Y C, WANG J H, et al. Study on preparation technology of HMX with reduced sensitivity by recrystallization ［J］. Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2009(1): 16-18.
［22］万雪杰, 郭效德, 欧阳刚, 等. AP超细球形粒子的制备与表征［J］. 火炸药学报, 2015, 38(1): 51-55.
WAN X J, GUO X D, OUYANG G, et al. Preparation and characterization of ultra-fine spherical AP particles ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2015, 38(1): 51-55.
［23］李广超, 梁振宗, 梁力, 等. 基于气流粉碎法的超细类球形高氯酸铵批量制备及其表征［J］. 兵工学报, 2017, 38(11): 2098-2104．
LI G C, LIANG Z Z, LIANG L, et al. Mass preparation of ultrafine sphere-like AP particles by jet milling and their characterization ［J］. Acta Armamentarii, 2017, 38(11): 2098-2104.
［24］孟月东, 钟少锋, 熊新阳. 低温等离子体技术应用研究进展［J］. 物理, 2006, 35(2): 140-146.
MENG Y D, ZHONG S F, XIONG X Y. Advances in applied low-temperature plasma technology ［J］. Physics, 2006, 35(2): 140-146.
［25］王跃华，陈敏，李长敏，等．低温等离子体技术在无机粉体表面改性中的研究进展［J］．材料导报，2008，22（4）：34-37．
WANG Y H, CHEN M, LI C M, et al. Research progress in low temperature plasma technology in surface modification of inorganic powder ［J］. Materials Reports, 2008, 22(4)：34-37.
［26］YANG Z J, LI J S, HUANG B, et al. Preparation and properties study of core-shell CL-20/TATB composites ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2014, 39(1): 51-58.
［27］STEPANOV V, ANGLADE V, HUMMERS W A B, et al. Production and sensitivity evaluation of nanocrystalline RDX-based explosive compositions ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2011, 36(3): 240-246.
［28］ESSEL J T, CORTOPASSI A C, KUO K K, et al. Formation and characterization of nano-sized RDX particles produced using the RESS-AS process ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2012, 37(6): 699-706.
［29］LI Y B, PAN L P, YANG Z J, et al. The effect of wax coating, aluminum and ammonium perchlorate on impact sensitivity of HMX ［J］. Defence Technology, 2017, 13(6): 422-427.
［30］侯聪花, 张鑫, 马静静, 等． 氧化石墨烯对RDX/PMMA安全性能及力学性能影响［J］． 火炸药学报， 2022， 45(1): 120-125．
HOU C H, ZHANG X, MA J J, et al. Effect of graphene oxide on safety performance and mechanical properties of RDX/PMMA ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2022, 45(1): 120-125.
［31］HUANG B, HAO X F, ZHANG H B, et al. Ultrasonic approach to the synthesis of HMX@TATB core-shell microparticles with improved mechanical sensitivity ［J］. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2014, 21(4): 1349-1357.
［32］杨明甫, 郭婉肖, 李亚宁, 等. CL20/TATB混合物的制备及性能表征［J］. 火炸药学报, 2021, 44(2): 189-194.
YANG M F, GUO W X, LI Y N, et al. Preparation and properties characterization of CL-20/TATB mixtures ［J］．Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2021, 44(2): 189-194.
［33］MEHILAL, JAWALKAR S, KURVA R, et al. Studies on high burning rate composite propellant formulations using TATB as pressure index suppressant ［J］. Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 2012, 9(3): 237-249.
［34］张哲, 雷红兵, 郝嘎子, 等. TATB对AP的包覆降感［J］. 火炸药学报, 2019, 42(3): 284-288.
ZHANG Z, LEI H B, HAO G Z, et al. Desensitization of AP coated with TATB ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2019, 42(3): 284-288.
［35］南海, 郭昕, 孙培培, 等. 包覆材料对高氯酸铵（AP）药粉撞击感度影响［J］. 火工品, 2013(6): 39-41.
NAN H, GUO X, SUN P P, et al. The influence of coating material on the impact sensitivity of AP powder ［J］．Initiators & Pyrotechnics, 2013(6): 39-41.
［36］李玉斌, 黄辉, 潘丽萍, 等. 高氯酸铵的包覆降感与应用研究［J］. 含能材料, 2014, 22(6): 792-797．
LI Y B, HUANG H, PAN L P, et al．Desensitizing technology of AP by coating and its application ［J］．Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2014, 22(6): 792-797.
［37］田轩, 王晓峰, 郭昕, 等. 用ESEM技术研究AP的热分解反应［J］. 火炸药学报, 2011, 34(5): 54-57.
TIAN X, WANG X F, GUO X, et al. Thermal decomposition reaction of AP by ESEM ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2011, 34(5): 54-57.
［38］施金秋, 邓国栋, 朱陈森, 等．降低超细高氯酸铵感度的方法研究［J］．爆破器材, 2014, 43(3): 9-13．
SHI J Q, DENG G D, ZHU C S, et al．Study on the method of reducing the sensitivity of ammonium perchlorate superfine powder［J］．Explosive Materials, 2014, 43 (3): 9-13．
［39］NANDAGOPAL S, MEHILAL M, TAPASWI M A, et al. Effect of coating of ammonium perchlorate with fluorocarbon on ballistic and sensitivity properties of AP/Al/HTPB propellant ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2009, 34(6): 526-531.
［40］周天泓, 刘飞翔, 花肖航, 等．F2604/AP复合物制备及性能研究［J］. 爆破器材, 2017, 46（6）: 21-25．
ZHOU T H，LIU F X，HUA X H，et al．Preparation and properties of the F2604/AP composite［J］. Explosive Materials, 2017, 46 (6): 21-25．
［41］YANG Z J, GONG F Y, DING L, et al. Efficient sensitivity reducing and hygroscopicity preventing of ultra-fine ammonium perchlorate for high burning-rate propellants ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2017, 42 (7): 809-815.
［42］GEIM A K, NOVOSELOV K S. The rise of graphene ［J］. Nature Materials, 2007, 6: 183-191.
［43］SANG B, LI Z W, LI X H, et al．Graphene-based flame retardants: a review ［J］. Journal of Materials Science, 2016, 51: 8271-8295.
［44］BALANDIN A A, GHOSH S, BAO W Z, et al．Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene ［J］. Nano Letters, 2008, 8(3): 902-907.
［45］ZHANG Z Z, FU X L, YU H J, et al. Enhanced the thermal conductivity of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composites by graphene-silver hybrid ［J］. Composites Communications, 2021, 24: 100661.
［46］BOLOTIN K I, SIKES K J, JIANG Z, et al. Ultrahigh electron mobility in suspended graphene ［J］. Solid State Communications, 2008, 146 (9/10): 351-355.
［47］BOLDYREV V V. Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate ［J］. Thermochimica Acta, 2006, 443(1): 1-36.
［48］徐小威, 王天昱, 聂坤亮, 等. 铁酸铋/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用［J］. 火炸药学报, 2021, 44(2): 181-188.
XU X W, WANG T Y, NIE K L, et al．Preparation of BiFeO3/rGO nanocomposites and its catalytic performance for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2021, 44(2): 181-188.
［49］MEMON N K, MCBAIN A W, SON S F. Graphene oxide/ammonium perchlorate composite material for use in solid propellants ［J］. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2016, 32(3): 682-686.
［50］STOLLER M D, PARK S, ZHU Y, et al. Graphene based ultracapacitors ［J］. Nano Letters, 2008, 8(10): 3498-3502.
［51］孙森森, 曹新富, 于浩淼, 等. 球形纳米CuO@AP核壳粒子的制备与性能表征［J］. 火炸药学报, 2021, 44(6): 844-850.
SUN S S, CAO X F, YU H M, et al. Preparation and properties of spherical nano CuO@AP core-shell particles ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2021, 44(6): 844-850.
［52］ZHAI H, XU P F, LI Y Q, et al. Improving safety and thermal decomposition performance by the in situ synthesis of core-shell structured ammonium perchlorate/cobalt acetate hydroxide composites ［J］. Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 2021, 8(10): 2416-2425.
［53］胡俊, 郭效德, 刘宏英, 等. 间苯二酚/AP复合氧化剂的制备及性能研究［J］. 火炸药学报, 2013, 36(6): 28-30, 35.
HU J, GUO X D, LIU H Y, et al. Preparation and study on properties of resorcinol/AP composite oxidizer ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2013, 36(6): 28-30, 35.
［54］CHEN R J, LUO Y J, SUN J, et al. Preparation and properties of an AP/RDX/SiO2 nanocomposite energetic material by the solgel method ［J］. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2012, 37(4): 422-426.
［55］张正中, 蔚红建, 郭效德, 等. 类球形超细AP在AP-CMDB推进剂中的应用［J］. 火炸药学报, 2020, 43(4): 424-427.
ZHANG Z Z, YU H J, GUO X D, et al. Application of spheroidal ultrafine AP in AP-CMDB propellant ［J］. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2020, 43(4): 424-427.
［56］胡大双, 赵孝彬, 李军. 包覆高氯酸铵对丁羟推进剂慢速烤燃特性的影响［J］. 固体火箭技术, 2019, 42(5): 604-608, 621.
HU D S, ZHAO X B, LI J. Effect of coated ammonium perchlorate on slow cookoff responses of HTPB propellant ［J］. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2019, 42(5): 604-608, 621.

相似文献/References:

[1]刘瑶,王建华,刘玉存,等.薄片橡胶炸药的制备及性能研究[J].爆破器材,2014,43(02):24.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.02.006]
　LIU Yao,WANG Jianhua,LIU Yucun,et al.Preparation and Performance Study of Thin Rubber Explosive[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2014,43(01):24.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.02.006]
[2]施金秋①,邓国栋①,朱陈森①,等.降低超细高氯酸铵感度的方法研究[J].爆破器材,2014,43(03):9.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.03.003]
　SHI Jinqiu,DENG Guodong,ZHU Chensen,et al.Study on the Method of Reducing the Sensitivity of Ammonium Perchlorate Superfine Powder[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2014,43(01):9.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.03.003]
[3]沈盼盼①,杜富贵②,刘祖亮①.7-氨基-4,6-二硝基苯并氧化呋咱的精制及性能研究[J].爆破器材,2014,43(03):21.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.03.005]
　SHEN Panpan,DU Fugui,LIU Zuliang.Research on Recrystallization and Performance of 7-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2014,43(01):21.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.03.005]
[4]王彩玲,赵省向,戴致鑫,等.CL-20晶体粒度和形貌对其机械感度及火焰感度的影响[J].爆破器材,2014,43(05):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.05.001]
　WANG Cailing,ZHAO Shengxiang,DAI Zhixin,et al.Effect of the Particle Size and Surface Appearance on Mechanical Sensitivity and Flame Sensitivity of CL-20[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2014,43(01):1.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.05.001]
[5]杨雪芹①②,常双君①,赵芦奎②,等.包覆改性RDX及其在CMDB推进剂中的应用[J].爆破器材,2014,43(06):22.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.06.005]
　YANG Xueqin,CHANG Shuangjun,ZHAO Lukui,et al.Coating of RDX and Its Application in CMDB Propellant[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2014,43(01):22.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2014.06.005]
[6]金大勇①,王亲会①,蒋秋黎①,等.一种DNAN基熔铸炸药压滤装药工艺安全性分析[J].爆破器材,2015,44(03):16.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2015.03.004]
　JIN Dayong,WANG Qinhui,JIANG Qiuli,et al.Safety Analysis for Filter Press Process of a DNAN Based Meltcast Explosive[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2015,44(01):16.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2015.03.004]
[7]雷伟,罗一鸣,张蒙蒙,等.3，4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)的研究进展[J].爆破器材,2020,49(05):1.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2020.05.002]
　LEI Wei,LUO Yiming,ZHANG Mengmeng,et al.Research Progress of 3,4-Dinitropyrazole (DNP)[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2020,49(01):1.[doi:doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2020.05.002]
[8]姚李娜,王彩玲,韩仲熙,等.黏结剂对TKX-50基压装炸药机械感度和成型性的影响[J].爆破器材,2020,49(06):36.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2020.06.007]
　YAO Lina,WANG Cailing,HAN Zhongxi,et al.Effects of Binders on Mechanical Sensitivity and Molding Properties of TKX-50-based Pressed Explosive[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2020,49(01):36.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2020.06.007]
[9]高杰,王红星,金大勇,等.DNAN/DNTF二元共熔物在热和机械刺激下的安全性研究[J].爆破器材,2021,50(03):35.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2021.03.007]
　GAO Jie,WANG Hongxing,JIN Dayong,et al.Safety of DNAN/DNTF Binary Eutectic under Thermal Stimulation and Mechanical Stimulation[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2021,50(01):35.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2021.03.007]
[10]罗西,刘红妮,周文静,等.重结晶对PYX热性能和机械感度的影响[J].爆破器材,2022,51(03):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2022.03.007]
　LUO Xi,LIU Hongni,ZHOU Wenjing,et al.Influence of Recrystallization on Thermal Properties and Mechanical Sensitivity of PYX[J].EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS,2022,51(01):38.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8352.2022.03.007]

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2022-07-19
第一作者：张正中（1987-），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事固体推进剂配方的研究。E-mail：zhangzhengzhong920@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2023-01-07