磺酸类催化剂在合成CL-20硝化反应中的应用-《爆破器材》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Application of Sulfonic Acid Catalysts in Nitration in Synthesis of CL-20

作者:: 石磊^①; 孙志杨^②; 杨超飞^①; 开旺^①; 钱华^①③; ①南京理工大学化工学院（江苏南京,210094）
②浙江永联民爆器材有限公司（浙江杭州，310011）
③国家民用爆破器材质量监督检验中心（江苏南京,210094）

Author(s):: SHI Lei^①; SUN Zhiyang^②; YANG Chaofei^①; KAI Wang^①; QIAN Hua^①③; ① School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (Jiangsu Nanjing, 210094)
②Zhejiang Yonglian Civil Explosive Materials Co., Ltd.(Zhejiang Hangzhou,310011)
③ China National Quality Supervision Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials (Jiangsu Nanjing, 210094)

摘要:: 针对N₂O₅/HNO₃体系硝解四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TAIW）、制备六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（CL-20）反应收率和纯度低的问题，探讨了有机磺酸、三氟甲磺酸的镧系金属盐以及全氟磺酸分子筛的催化剂效果。结果表明，3类催化剂对合成CL-20硝化反应具有催化作用。CL-20的收率由无催化剂时的80.2％，分别提高到95.1％、94.9％、91.5％，相应纯度由89.8％分别提高到98.9％、97.6％、98.6％。三氟甲磺酸的镧系金属盐和全氟磺酸分子筛催化剂循环使用5次以上，CL-20的收率和纯度均没有明显降低，表现出良好的催化活性和可重复性。

Abstract:: Due to the low yield and purity of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) during the nitration of tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane(TAIW) using N₂O₅/HNO₃ as nitrating agent, the effects of three types of catalysts, in cluding organic sulfonic acid, lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonates and perfluorosulfonic acid molecular sieve, were studied. Results indicate that all the three catalysts have catalytic effect in nitration of CL-20 synthesis. Yield of CL-20 increases from 80.2% to 95.1%, 94.9%, and 91.5%. And the corresponding purity increases from 89.8% to 98.9%, 97.6%, and 98.6%, respectively. Catalytic performance of lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonates and perfluorosulfonic acid molecular sieve catalysts do not show remarkable decrease after being reused for more than five times, indicating both catalysts possess desirable catalytic activity and repeatability.